diff --git a/test/material/components/CMakeLists.txt b/test/material/components/CMakeLists.txt
index 602a9a406f5d27aab36ef36edf49a52135a51a81..5db2de41a365e50fa8ea600b9dbadd7601ff21c6 100644
--- a/test/material/components/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/material/components/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ dumux_add_test(SOURCES test_componenttraits.cc
 
 add_executable(plot_component plotproperties.cc)
 
+dumux_add_test(NAME test_h2o_simpleh2o_consistency
+               SOURCES test_h2o_simpleh2o_consistency.cc
+               LABELS unit material)
+
 dumux_add_test(NAME plot_air
               TARGET plot_component
               COMMAND ./plot_component
diff --git a/test/material/components/test_h2o_simpleh2o_consistency.cc b/test/material/components/test_h2o_simpleh2o_consistency.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..050ec92677e5835162e84344682bee4f93d16e5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/material/components/test_h2o_simpleh2o_consistency.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
+// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
+//
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightInfo: Copyright © DuMux Project contributors, see AUTHORS.md in root folder
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+//
+/*!
+ * \file
+ * \ingroup MaterialTests
+ * \brief Test some components for consistency of their physical properties.
+ */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <dune/common/exceptions.hh>
+#include <dumux/material/components/h2o.hh>
+#include <dumux/material/components/simpleh2o.hh>
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    using namespace Dumux;
+
+    // See the currently allowed range in simpleh2O.hh
+    constexpr double lowerTemperatureBound = 273.15 + 0.0; // 0°C
+    constexpr double upperTemperatureBound = 273.15 + 150.0; // 150°C
+    constexpr int nTemperatures = 20;
+    constexpr double pressure = 1.0e5; // 1 bar
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nTemperatures; ++i)
+    {
+        const double temperature = lowerTemperatureBound + (upperTemperatureBound - lowerTemperatureBound) * i / (nTemperatures - 1);
+        const double simpleH2OGasEnthalpy = Components::SimpleH2O<double>::gasEnthalpy(temperature, pressure);
+        const double h2OGasEnthalpy = Components::H2O<double>::gasEnthalpy(temperature, pressure);
+        // compare the two gas enthalpies
+        const double relDiff = (simpleH2OGasEnthalpy - h2OGasEnthalpy) / h2OGasEnthalpy;
+        const double relTol = 0.05; // We allow a relative error of 5%
+        if (std::abs(relDiff) > relTol) {
+            DUNE_THROW(Dune::Exception, "The gas enthalpy of the simple H2O component is not consistent with the H2O component. "
+                                        << "The relative difference " << relDiff << " at temperature " << temperature << " K."
+                                        << " is larger than the relative tolerance " << relTol << ".");
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}