[ci] Use gcc-12 image for cpp-20 pipeline

What this MR does / why does DuMux need it:

Running the CPP20 pipeline requires an image with gcc-12 (for gridformat) and without opm-grid (incompatible up to and including 2024.10). Depends on dumux-docker-ci!47. Fixes #1408 (closed).

Notes for the reviewer

TODO: insert text here

Before you request a review from someone, make sure to revise the following points:

• does the new code follow the style guide?
• do the test pipelines pass? (see guide on how to run pipelines for a merge request)
• is the code you changed and/or the new code you wrote covered in the test suite? (if not, extend the existing tests or write new ones)
• does your change affect public interfaces or behavior, or, does it introduce a new feature? If so, document the change in CHANGELOG.md.
• is the list of the header includes complete? ("include what you use")
• all files have to end with a \n character. Make sure there is no \ No newline at end of file comment in "Changes" of this MR.